Controlled Bolting  

Piping can be made from many materials; however, the oil and gas-based petrochemical and refining industries mostly uses steel or steel alloys in the construction of process piping systems. Individual piping components are joined together to form the complete process system. Processing facilities contain a significant amount of pipework that need to be connected. There are several methods used to join piping or tubing together, most facilities are constructed using a combination of welded, bolted and threaded joints. The prime purpose of any joint is in maintaining containment integrity in order to keep what are usually hazardous, pressurised and hot or cold materials in the place they are intended to be.